Music Citation Guide (Chicago Style)

Items on microfilm can be published or unpublished. Sometimes materials available on microfilm are composers' handwritten (and unpublished) manuscripts, but microfilms can also include published - but fragile or rare - books, libretti, and scores, newspaper articles or dissertations that haven't been digitized, and many other types of research materials.

When deciding how to cite sources found on microfilm:

• Always check the beginning and the end of the microfilm's contents for publication information. If it's a published document, use the examples on the relevant tabs of this guide to format your citation.
   
• If there's no publication information included, use the examples on the "Unpublished materials" tab.
   

If you're not sure how to handle a citation for something on microfilm, contact Jessica Abbazio, Music Librarian, at jabbazio@umn.edu for help!